Wednesday, June 28, 2017

India - Princely state - Bundi State - Article


      


 Article


Bundi State
बूंदी रियासत

Period :      1806 – 1949            Republic of India

Flag

Coat of arms
Established :
Indian independence :
Area (1931) :
Today part of :
1342
1949
5,750 km2(2,220 sq mi)
Rajasthan, India

Bundi State was a princely state in the era of British India. Its relations with the British were managed by the Rajputana Agency. The last ruler of Bundi State signed the accession to join the Indian Union in 1949.
The Haraoti-Tonk Agency, with headquarters at Deoli, dealt with the states of Tonk and Bundi, as well as with the state of Shahpura.
Bundi State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India
History
Bundi State was founded in 1342. On 10 Feb 1818 it became a British protectorate. Bundi's last ruler signed the accession to the Indian Union on 7 April 1949.
View of the Garh Palace in Bundi

Garh Palace Chitrasala

Watercolour painting of the town and pass of Bundi in Rajasthan, by an anonymous artist working in the British school, c. 1840.

Sukh Niwas Palace on the edge of the Jait Sagar tank at Bundi, c. 1900

Rulers

The hereditary rulers of Bundi used the title 'Rao' before being granted the prefix 'Raja' by the Mughals. A Raja is a ruler of exalted rank but inferior to Maharana or Maharawal.
  • Rao Deva (1343 to 1342).
  • Rao Napuji.
  • Rao Hamuli (1384 to 1400).
  • Rao Birsingh (1400 to 1415).
  • Rao Biru (1415 to 1470).
  • Rao Bandu (1470 to 1491).
  • Rao Narayan Das (1491 to 1527).
  • Rao Suraj Mal (1527 to 1531).
  • Rao Surtan Singh (1531 to 1544).
  • Rao Raja Surjan Singh (1544 to 1585).
  • Rao Raja Bhoj Singh (1585 to 1608).
  • Rao Raja Ratan Singh (1608 to 1632).
  • Rao Raja Chhattar Sal Singh (1632 to 1658).
  • Rao Raja Bhao Singh (1658 to1682).
  • Rao Raja Anirudh Singh (1682 to 1696).
  • Rao Raja Budh Singh (b. ... – d. 1739) (1696 to 1735).
  • Rao Raja Dalel Singh (b. 1729 – d. 1804) (1735 to 1749).
  • Rao Raja Umaid Singh (1749 to 1770) and again (1773 to 1804).
  • Rao Raja Ajit Singh (b. ... – d. 1773) (1770 to 1773).
  • Rao Raja Bishen Singh (b. ... – d. 1821) (1804 to 14 May 1821).
  • Maharao Raja Ram Singh Sahib Bahadur (b. 1811 – d. 1889) (1821 to 28 Mar 1889).
  • Colonel HH Maharao Raja Shri Sir Raghubir Singh Sahib Bahadur (b. 1869 – d. 1927) (12 April 1889 to 28 Jul 1927).
  • Major HH Maharao Raja Shri Sir Iishwari Singh Bahadur (b. 1893 – d. 1945) (8 Aug 1927 to 3 Apr 1945).
  • Col. HH Maharao Raja Shri Bahadur Singh Bahadur (1945 to 1977).
  • HH Maharao Raja Ranjit Singh (b. 1920 – d. 1977) (1977 to 2010).

Maharao Umed Singh of Bundi


Maharao Bhao Singh riding an elephant. Ca. 1675

The coat of arms
The coat of arms of Bundi was a shield depicting a warrior emerging from flames, signifying the creation-legend of the ruling Chauhan clan of Rajputs which was supposedly created from fire. The shield is flanked by cows representing dharma or righteousness; it is crowned by a hand holding a Katar.


British era

In 1804 Rao Raja Bishan Singh (1773–1821) gave valuable assistance to Colonel Monson in his disastrous retreat before Holkar, in revenge for which the Maratha Empire and Pindaris continually ravaged his state and forced the kingdom to pay tribute up to 1817. Consequently, Bishan Singh made a subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company on 10 February 1818, which brought him under its protection. was responsible for the creation of the pleasure palace of Sukh Niwas on the outskirts of Bundi.

When dying of cholera, Bishan Singh entrusted James Tod with guardianship of his 11-year-old son, Ram Singh. Maharao Raja Ram Singh (1821–89) grew up to be a much respected ruler who initiated economic and administrative reforms and established schools for the teaching of Sanskrit. On the throne for 68 years, he was described as a grand specimen of the Rajput gentleman and "the most conservative prince in conservative Rajputana." His rule was popular and beneficial; and though during the mutiny of 1857 his attitude was equivocal, he continued to enjoy the confidence of the British, being created G.C.S.I. and a counselor of the empire in 1877 and C.I.E. in 1878. He was succeeded by his adopted son Raghubir Singh (1889–1927), who was made a K.C.S.I. in 1897 and a G.C.I.E. in 1901. His reign was blighted by two disastrous famines. Despite his best efforts at alleviation, the population of his kingdom was reduced from some 258,000 to 171,000 by 1901 due to death and emigration. Raghubir Singh supported the British during the World War I.
Maharao Bahadur Singh (1945–77) also supported the British and served in the Burma campaign, where he earned the Military Cross for his gallantry before succeeding to the throne. He was a guest at the 1947 wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

View looking along a bazaar at Bundi taken by Gunpatrao Abajee Kale, c.1900.


ബുന്ദി (Bundi) റാവു ദേവാ (Rao Dewa) 1342ൽ സ്ഥാപിച്ച ഒരു ഇന്ത്യൻ നാട്ടുരാജ്യമാണ് ബുന്ദി. ആരവല്ലി താഴ്വരയിൽ, രജപുത്താന മേഖലയിൽ ഉൾപ്പെട്ടിരുന്ന ഈ രാജ്യം ഇപ്പോൾ രാജസ്ഥാനിൽ ആണ്. രൂപീകരിച്ച് മുന്നൂറ് വർഷങ്ങൾ കഴിഞ്ഞപ്പോൾ ഈ രാജ്യം ബോത്ത, ബുന്ദി, ജൽവാർ എന്നിങ്ങനെ മൂന്നായി പിരിഞ്ഞു.

റാവു (Rao) എന്ന പേരിൽ ആണ് ഭരണാധികാരികൾ അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. പിന്നീട് രാജ (Raja) എന്ന സ്ഥാനപ്പേരും ഉപയോഗിക്കാൻ തുടങ്ങി. ഗ്വാളിയോറിലെ സിന്ധ്യമാരും ഇൻഡോറിലെ ഹോൾക്കർമാരും നിരന്തരം ബുന്ദിയെ ആക്രമിച്ചിരുന്നു. 1818ൽ ബ്രിട്ടീഷ്‌ സാമ്രാജ്യത്തിലെ സംരക്ഷിതരാജ്യമായി തീർന്നു. ഇന്ത്യൻ സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യാനന്തരം 1949ൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ യൂണിയനിൽ ലയിച്ചു.
ബുന്ദിയിലെ നാണയവ്യവസ്ഥ :
1/4, 1/2, 1 എന്നീ പൈസ(കോപ്പർ)കളും 1/4, 1/2, 1എന്നീ രൂപ(വെള്ളി)കളും ഉൾപ്പെട്ടതായിരുന്നു. 1806 - 1837 കാലത്ത് സ്വർണത്തിൽ ഉള്ള മൊഹർ ഇറക്കിയിരുന്നു. മഹാറാവു രാജ രാം സിംഗ് സാഹിബ് ബഹദൂറിന്റെ കാലത്ത് 1889ൽ പുറത്തിറക്കിയ ഒരു രൂപ(വെള്ളി, 11.5gm)യുടെ ചിത്രമാണ് ചുവടെ ചേർത്തിട്ടുള്ളത്. ബ്രിട്ടീഷ്‌ രാജ്ഞി വിക്ടോറിയയുടെ പേരും നാണയത്തിൽ കാണാം.



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