Item code: 133/BR-2
Luis Alves de Lima e
Silva, Duke of Caxias (25 August 1803 – 7 May 1880),
nicknamed "the Peacemaker" and "Iron Duke", was an army officer, politician and
monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. Like his father and uncles, Caxias pursued a military career. In 1823 he
fought as a young officer in the Brazilian War
for Independence against Portugal, then spent three years
in Brazil's southernmost province, Cisplatina, as the government unsuccessfully
resisted that province's secession in the Cisplatine War. Though his own father and uncles renounced
Emperor Dom Pedro I during the protests of 1831, Caxias remained loyal. Pedro I abdicated in favor of his young son Dom Pedro II, whom Caxias instructed in swordsmanship and horsemanship and eventually befriended.
During Pedro II's minority the governing regency faced countless rebellions throughout the
country. Again breaking with his father and other relatives sympathetic to the
rebels, from 1839 to 1845 Caxias commanded loyalist forces suppressing such uprisings as the Balaiada, the Liberal rebellions of 1842 and the Ragamuffin War. In 1851, under his command, the
Brazilian army prevailed against the Argentine
Confederation in the Platine War; a decade later Caxias, as army marshal
(the army's highest rank), led Brazilian forces to victory in the Paraguayan War. As a reward he was raised to the titled nobility, becoming successively a baron, count,
and marquis, finally becoming the only person created duke during Pedro II's 58-year reign.
In the early 1840s Caxias became a member of the Reactionary Party, which evolved into the Party of Order
and finally the Conservative
Party.
He was elected senator in 1846. The Emperor appointed him president of the
Council of Ministers (prime minister) in 1856; he briefly held
that office again in 1861, but fell when his party lost its parliamentary majority.
Over the decades Caxias
witnessed the growth
and zenith of his party, then its slow decline as internal conflict divided it.
In 1875 he headed a cabinet for the last time, and after years of failing
health he died in May 1880.
|
Year
|
1954-1958
|
|
Obverse
|
Portrait of Luis Alves de Lima e Silva,
Duke of Caxias (Duque de Caxias)
|
|
Reverse
|
Military school of Rezende (Resende), now
Academia Militar de Agulhas Negras - AMAN (Military Academy of Black Needles) (English: Agulhas Negras Military Academy)
|
|
Printer
|
American Bank Note Company.
|
|
Size
|
157x67 mm
|
Obverse description:
Luis Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of
Caxias
|
In the years after
his death and mainly following the downfall of the Brazilian monarchy, Caxias'
reputation was initially overshadowed by that of Manuel Luis Osorio,
Marquis of Erval, but with time surpassed even Erval's renown. In 1925 his
birthday was established as the Day of the Soldier, a day of honor for the
Brazilian army. On 13 March 1962 he was officially designated the army's
protector—its soldierly ideal and the most important figure in its
tradition. Historians have regarded Caxias positively, several ranking him as
the greatest of Brazil's military officers.
Reverse description
Agulhas Negras Military Academy
The Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (English: Agulhas Negras Military Academy - named after the Agulhas Negras summit; AMAN) is the biggest among several schools of formation of combatant officers of the Brazilian Army. It originated in 1792 with the creation of the Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Drawing - first military school of the Americas - in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Today the Academy is located in the city of Resende, in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
AMAN
Cadets during the "Small Sword" ceremony.
The AMAN campus in Resende( municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro) occupies 67 km². It contains several complexes, including the Main Complex, the Physical Education Department, the Equestrian Department, the Firearms Department and the Instruction Park. The Main Complex was expanded in 1988 to two times its original size, the expansion consisting mainly of refectories and cadets' lodgings. The Command and Services Battalion includes the Headquarters Company, a Service Company, a Military Police Company, a Guard Company, a Rifleman Company, and two Corps of Cadets Auxiliary Companies. It is the largest Battalion of the Brazilian Army.
Military
Academy in Rio de Janeiro, 1888.
|
No comments:
Post a Comment