Item Code: 166/gr-1
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Year
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1978
(Date of Issue: 8 December 1978)- (Withdrawn
from circulation: 28 Feb. 2002)
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Obverse
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Head of
Poseidon (Neptune), god of the sea and of earthquakes. Helmeted Athena
supervises Argusconstructing a sailing boat called Argo, the ship of the
Argonauts. Tiphys, the pilot is in the centre.
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Reverse
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Scene of
Laskarina Bouboulina attacking the fortress of Palamidi at Nafplion. Sailing
ships.
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Watermark
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Head
of Charioteer of Delphi (Heniokhos), commissioned by Polyzalus, Delphi
Archaeological Museum.
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Issuer
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Bank of
Greece.
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Size
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144 x 64
mm (Material: Cotton paper)
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Printer
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Idryma Trapezis
Tis Ellados - The Banknote Printing Works of the Bank of Greece (IETA).
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Obverse description
Poseidon
(Neptune)
In Greek mythology, Poseidon was
the god of the sea and one of the Twelve Olympians. He is the brother of Zeus, Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Hera. His
home is Mount Olympus and all the water on earth. He is the god of the sea and earthquakes, the cyclops and of horses. The horse was a creature of
enormous importance to the Indo-European migrants; it provided transport, food,
and clothing and was a visible symbol of fertility.
He
had many love affairs, although he was married to Amphitrite, a
sea goddess, with whom he had a son, Triton, and possibly two daughters. In some stories, he is
believed to have been eaten by his father Cronos. In
other versions his mother Rhea saves him by feeding her husband a small horse wrapped in
a blanket. When he was displeased, he would throw down his Trident and cause
earthquakes. He was also called the "Sea Swimmer", the "Earth
Shaker", and "Father of many heroes". He was very strong and
masculine. Poseidon also was said to have created horses.
He
was believed to be in a relationship with Medusa until Athena found
them in her temple and turned Medusa into an ugly woman with snakes for hair and eyes that turn
people to stone.
Poseidon’s father was the titan Kronos,
his mother was Rhea. Poseidon
was a brother of Zeus,
the god of the heavens. When born, Poseidon
was swallowed by his father (although
some myths differ). Later when Zeus was saved by Rhea, Zeus tricked Kronos into regurgitating all his siblings. Poseidon shook
the earth when he was angry with his powerful trident. Poseidon lived
in two palaces; one underwater but in meetings with the other gods he would go
to Mount Olympus. Poseidon
was called the earth shaker as he
could shake the earth. Though Poseidon
was the god of the seas he could
control the land too. That is why the sailors worshiped and prayed to him.
Poseidon
was also the father of horses. It is
believed that when riding his chariot (that was pulled by hippocampi) the sea
foam turned into horses.
Poseidon
was in love with Medusa,
who was a beautiful woman. When Athena discovered them in her temple, she turned Medusa into
a Gorgon-a terrible monster with snake hair and a stare that turned people into
stone. Her two sisters were also punished, although neither of them were as
powerful nor gruesome as Medusa.
ഗ്രീക്ക് പുരാണങ്ങളിൽ, സമുദ്രത്തിന്റെയും ഭൂചലനത്തിന്റെയും ദേവനാണ് പൊസൈഡൺ. ഇട്രിസ്കൻ പുരാണങ്ങളിലെ നെതൻസ്, റോമൻ പുരാണങ്ങളിലെ നെപ്ട്യൂൺ എന്നിവർ പൊസൈഡണിന് സമാനരായ സമുദ്രദേവന്മാരാണ്. നെതൻസ് എന്ന പേര് ലത്തീൻവൽക്കരിക്കപ്പെട്ടാണ് നെപ്ട്യൂണായതാണ്. വെങ്കലയുഗ ഗ്രീസിലെ പൈലോസിലും തീബ്സിലും പൊസൈഡണിനെ ആരാധിച്ചിരുന്നുവെന്ന് ലീനിയർ ബി ഫലകങ്ങളിൽ കാണാം. പിന്നീട് സ്യൂസിന്റെയും ഹേഡിസിന്റെയും സഹോദരനായി ഒളിമ്പ്യൻ ദൈവങ്ങളുടെ കൂട്ടത്തിലേക്ക് പൊസൈഡൺ സംയോജിക്കപ്പെടുകയായിരുന്നു.
Reverse description
Laskarina Bouboulina
Laskarina Bouboulina (11 May 1771 – 22 May 1825) was a Greek naval
commander, heroine of the Greek
War of Independence in 1821, and an Admiral of the Imperial Russian
Navy.
Bouboulina
was born in a prison in Constantinople; she originated from the Arvanite community of
the island of Hydra. She was the daughter of Stavrianos Pinotsis,
a captain from Hydra island, and his wife Skevo. Bouboulina
married twice, first Dimitrios Yiannouzas and later the wealthy shipowner and captain Dimitrios Bouboulis, taking his surname. Bouboulis was
killed in battle against Algerian pirates in 1811. Then 40 years old, Bouboulina took
over his fortune and his trading business and had four more ships built at her
own expense, including the large warship Agamemnon.
In
1816, the Ottomans tried to confiscate Bouboulina's
property because her second husband had fought for the Russians against the Turks in the Turko-Russian
wars. She sailed to Constantinople to
meet Russian ambassador Count Pavel Stroganov and seek his protection. In recognition of Bouboulis's
service to the Russians, Strogonov sent her to safety in Crimea.
She also met with the mother of Mahmud II,
who afterward reportedly convinced her son to leave Bouboulina's
property alone. After three months of exile in the Crimea,
Bouboulina returned to Spetses.
Allegedly
Bouboulina joined the Filiki Etaireia, an underground organization that was preparing Greece
for revolution against Ottoman
rule. She bought arms and ammunition
at her own expense and brought them secretly to Spetses in her ships, to fight
"for the sake of my nation." Construction of the ship Agamemnon was finished in 1820.
On
13 March 1821 Bouboulina raised on the mast of Agamemnon her
own Greek flag, based on the flag
of the Comnenus dynasty of Byzantine
emperors. The people of Spetses revolted
on 3 April and later joined forces with ships from other Greek islands. Bouboulina
sailed with eight ships to Nafplion and
began a naval blockade. Later she took part in the naval blockade and
capture of Monemvasia and Pylos. Her son Yiannis Yiannouzas died
in May 1821, in battle at Argos against
superior numbers of Ottoman troops.
When the opposing factions erupted into civil
war in 1824, the Greek government arrested Bouboulina for her family connection with
now-imprisoned Kolokotronis; the government also killed her
son-in-law. Eventually she was exiled back to Spetses. She had exhausted her fortune for the
war of independence.
Laskarina Bouboulina was killed in 1825 as the result of a
family feud in Spetses. The daughter of a Koutsis family and Bouboulina's son Georgios Yiannouzas had eloped. Seeking her, the girl's
father Christodoulos Koutsis went to Bouboulina's house with armed
members of his family. Infuriated, Bouboulina confronted them from the balcony. After her argument with Christodoulos Koutsis, someone shot at her. She was hit in the
forehead and killed instantly; the killer was not identified.
Palamidi
Palamidi is a fortress to the east of the Acronauplia in the town of Nafplio in the Peloponnese region of southern Greece. Nestled on the crest of a 216-metre high hill, the fortress
was built by the Venetians during their second occupation of the area (1686–1715).
The fortress was a
very large and ambitious project, but was finished within a relatively short period
from 1711 until 1714. It is a typical baroque fortress based on the plans of
the engineers Giaxich and Lasalle. In 1715 it was captured by the Turks and remained under their control until
1822, when it was captured by the Greeks.
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