Item Code: 154/cn-2
Reverse description:
The outer border of the red circle shows sheaves of wheat and the inner sheaves of rice, which together represent agricultural workers. At the center of the bottom portion of the border is a cog-wheel that represents industrial workers.
Year
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1980
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Obverse
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Native Buyi and
Korean youth at left
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Reverse
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Arms at center
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Size
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118 x 50 mm
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Obverse description
Bouyei
(Buyi) People
The Bouyei (also
spelled Puyi, Buyei and Buyi)
are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China.
Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of
China. Some Bouyei also
live in Vietnam,
where they are one of that nation's 54
officially recognized ethnic groups. Despite the Chinese considering them a
separate group, they consider themselves Zhuang (Tai peoples).
The
Bouyei live in semi-tropical, high-altitude forests of Guizhou province, as well as in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces,
and speak a Tai language.
 | |
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Language: The Bouyei speak the Bouyei
language,
which is very close to Standard Zhuang language. There is a dialect continuum
between these two. The Bouyei language has its own written form which was created by linguists in
the 1950s based on the Latin alphabet and with spelling conventions
similar for the Pinyin system that had been devised to
romanise Mandarin Chinese.
History: The Bouyei are the native Tai peoples of the plains of Guizhou. They are one of the oldest peoples of China, living in the area for more than 2,000 years. Prior to the establishment of the Tang dynasty, the Bouyei and Zhuang were linked together; the differences between both ethnic groups grew greater and from year 900 already they were two different groups. The Qing dynasty abolished the system of local heads and commanded in its place to officials of the army which caused a change in the local economy; from then on, the land was in the hands of a few landowners, which caused the population to revolt. During the Nanlong Rebellion of 1797, the Bouyei underwent a strong repression that caused many of them to emigrate to faraway Vietnam.
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National Emblem of China
The National Emblem of the People's Republic of
China contains in a red circle a representation
of Tiananmen
Gate, the entrance gate to
the Forbidden
City, where Mao declared the foundation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Above this representation are
the five stars found on the national flag. The largest
star represents the Communist Party of China, while the four smaller stars represent
the four social classes as defined in Maoism. The emblem is described as being
"composed of patterns of the national flag": ...The red colour of the
flag symbolizes revolution and the yellow colour of the stars the golden brilliant
rays radiating from the vast red land. The design of four smaller stars
surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the
leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) —China Yearbook 2004
|
The outer border of the red circle shows sheaves of wheat and the inner sheaves of rice, which together represent agricultural workers. At the center of the bottom portion of the border is a cog-wheel that represents industrial workers.
According
to The Description of the
National Emblem of the People's
Republic of China, these elements
taken together symbolise the revolutionary struggles of the Chinese people
since the May Fourth Movement and
the coalition of the proletariat which succeeded in founding the People's Republic of China.
On
July 10, 1949 the government held a public competition for the design of the
national emblem, however no satisfactory designs were selected. Therefore, on
September 27, 1949, the First Plenary Session of CPPCC decided to invite designers for the proposals of the
national emblem and two groups from two universities were selected in September
1949. Three proposals were selected for the first round discussion:
·
The designers from China Central
Academy of Fine Arts, Zhang Ding, Zhang Guangyu, Zhou Lingzhao and Zhong Ling,
handed out their proposals with 5 variations on September 25, 1949. The
symbolism of their first design was: The red star symbolizes Communism and the
Communist party of China. The cog and wheat/rice symbolizes unification of
industrial workers and peasants. The rising earth with China in red symbolizes
the socialist revolution in China and the world revolution ideal on Asian
counties. 31 rays behind the earth symbolizes the 31 provincial administrative
divisions at that time. The name of the People's Republic of China is written
on the red ribbon below.[3] The design was based on their design
of the emblem of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and was influenced by the Socialist heraldry in Eastern Bloc.
·
The designers from the Department of
Architecture at Tsinghua University, Liang Sicheng, Lin Huiyin, Mo Zongjiang, Zhu Changzhong, Li Zongjin and Gao Zhuang,
handed their proposal on October 30, 1949. According to their proposal, the
design was a mixture of traditional Chinese culture and Maoist New Democratic Revolution ideals. The design imitated the
style of mirrors in Han dynasty, symbolizing brightness. The disc
was made of jade,
a symbol of peace and unity. Decorative carvings on the disc was in Tang
dynasty style. The stars from national flag and a cog were placed in the center
of the disc, surrounded by wheats, symbolizing unity of working class and
socialism. The red ribbon tied a smaller jade ring, symbolising the unification
of Chinese people.
·
The other proposal by Zhang Ding,
Zhang Guangyu, Zhou Lingzhao, was a perspective depiction of Tian'anmen gate.
Members
of the first CPPCC committee discussed these three proposals on June 10, 1950.
The result of the discussion was, the China Central Academy of Fine Arts
proposal was too colorful that would be regarded as trademarks, and proposal
from Tsinghua University was regarded as bourgeoisie that
contains many traditional symbols. The committee suggested two groups to
include the Tian'anmen Gate, a symbol of Chinese revolution which is the
location of May
Fourth Movement and foundation
ceremony of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.
Two
groups then worked on a second round proposals. The second proposal from
Tsinghua University standardized the design of the Tian'anmen Gate on the
emblem and selected red and yellow as the main colors. Their proposal was
selected and the design was standardized and simplified by Gao
Zhuang. This design was officially made the national emblem on 20
September 1950 by the Central People's Government.
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